word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 4712 | k- |
2 | 3430 | t- |
3 | 2733 | p- |
4 | 2574 | v- |
5 | 2552 | s- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 1363 | ko- |
2 | 1145 | ka- |
3 | 1041 | va- |
4 | 913 | te- |
5 | 602 | ta- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 291 | val- |
2 | 245 | või- |
3 | 230 | koo- |
4 | 223 | kor- |
5 | 215 | väl- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 131 | vast- |
2 | 115 | vali- |
3 | 114 | suur- |
4 | 106 | ette- |
5 | 106 | välj- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 82 | riigi- |
2 | 81 | välis- |
3 | 80 | tervi- |
4 | 80 | välja- |
5 | 76 | vastu- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings